Grinding of iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and other metal material surface treatment, chamfering, deburring, polishing.
We often have customers tell us that the parts of their products are black, not bright, or beaten… After understanding: they used inappropriate grinding media or grinding machinery caused by, for example, a case of hardware customers, his products are zinc alloy die casting, he used brown corundum grinding stone to grind, the result of the more black; There is also a stainless steel circular gasket, the use of vibration grinding machine to batch front, in the grinding process, there are a lot of gaskets overlap together, the rate of defective high… These phenomena are closely related to their failure to deal with the three grinding elements, namely, the machine, the workpiece, and the grinding medium. Only when these three elements are usefully combined, can they get twice the result with half the effort.
The following is a simple analysis of the three elements:
In the surface treatment of machines, the commonly used machines are vibrating type finishing machine, roller type finishing machine, centrifugal grinding machine, vortex type finishing machine, among which vibrating type finishing machine and roller type finishing machine are most widely used.
The movable finishing machine is easy to operate and is used for processing small, medium and large quantities of various parts. Roller type polishing machine is an economical grinding and polishing machine. It is usually used for small size and thin parts, especially those with larger plane. It is more suitable for roller type polishing machine because it is easy to be overlapped by vibration type polishing machine. Centrifugal grinding machine is actually high-speed roller type polishing machine, it is generally driven by the large plate four (minicomputer also has two) centrifugal polishing barrel high-speed rotation, large friction force, good polishing effect, often used in vibration type polishing machine, roller type polishing machine is not easy to process small parts; Vortex machine is also a high-speed polishing machine, through the chassis rotation, the formation of a strong overcurrent friction movement, used for small parts to remove the front, deburring, polishing.
Two, the workpiece different material parts, parts of different specifications, different requirements of the parts, also requires different machines and grinding media. For example, die cast zinc alloy parts need to be peeled, should use resin abrasives; And the stamping out stainless steel parts need to go to the front, to deburr, then should use the cutting force of brown corundum grinding stone……
Three, grinding medium grinding medium including grinding stone, polishing stone, grinding agent, gloss agent and other grinding and polishing materials, each material has its own application range, such as plastic abrasive stone for soft materials, such as aluminum, zinc, copper, plastic; Ceramic abrasives are used for hard materials, such as iron, stainless steel, tin iron, steel, etc. Polishing material is iron parts, need to use iron luster agent, polishing material is copper parts, need to use copper luster agent, hand tool cutting agent for all kinds of wrenches, sockets, batch tip black film, skin removal, if used in other parts, may corrode, destroy the parts… In general, only fully understand the performance of grinding three elements, characteristics, in order to effectively match, achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Grinding method:
1. Fluid polishing
Fluid polishing depends on the high-speed flow of liquid and the abrasive particles carried to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing.
Common methods include abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, fluid power grinding, etc. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which makes the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles flow over and over the workpiece surface at high speed. The medium is mainly made of special compound (polymer material) with good flow performance under low pressure and mixed with abrasive. The abrasive can be made of silicon carbide powder.
2. Mechanical polishing
Mechanical cutting, polishing is to rely on material surface plastic deformation after removed by polishing the convex part of the smooth surface polishing method, commonly used article oil stone, wool wheel, abrasive paper, etc., with manual operation is given priority to, special components such as surface of solid of revolution, can use tools such as turntable, high surface quality can be used over lapping method. Super precision polishing is a special grinding tool, in the polishing liquid containing abrasive, pressed on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, for high-speed rotation motion. The surface roughness of Ra0.008 m can be obtained by using this technique, which is the highest among various polishing methods. This method is often used in optical lens molds.
3. Ultrasonic polishing
The workpiece is put into the abrasive suspension and placed together in the ultrasonic field. The macro force of ultrasonic machining is small, which will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but it is difficult to make and install the tooling. Ultrasonic machining can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration and stirring solution are applied to separate the dissolved products from the workpiece surface, and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface is uniform; Ultrasonic cavitation in liquid can also inhibit the corrosion process, conducive to surface gloss.
4. Electrolytic polishing
The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is the same as chemical polishing, that is, the surface is smooth by selective small projections on the surface of the dissolved material. Compared with chemical polishing, the cathode reaction can be eliminated and the effect is better. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps:
(1) the macroscopical leveling dissolved product diffuses into the electrolyte, the surface geometry roughness of the material decreases, Ra > 1 m.
(2) Low light level anodic polarization, surface brightness increased, Ra < 1 m.
5. Fluid polishing
Fluid polishing depends on the high-speed flow of liquid and the abrasive particles carried to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing.
Common methods include abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, fluid power grinding, etc. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which makes the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles flow over and over the workpiece surface at high speed. The medium is mainly made of special compound (polymer material) with good flow performance under low pressure and mixed with abrasive. The abrasive can be made of silicon carbide powder.
6. Chemical polishing
Chemical polishing is to make the convex part of the surface of the material in the chemical medium more concave part of the preferred solution, so as to obtain a smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that it does not need complex equipment, and it can polish the workpiece with complex shape and many workpiece at the same time, with high efficiency. The core problem of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing fluid. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally 10 m.
7. Magnetic polishing
Magnetic grinding and polishing is the use of magnetic abrasive under the action of magnetic field to form abrasive brush, grinding the workpiece. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality, easy to control processing conditions and good working conditions. With suitable abrasive, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.1 m.
In the plastic mold processing said polishing and other industries required surface polishing is very different, strictly speaking, the mold polishing should be called mirror processing. It has high requirements not only on the polishing itself but also on the surface flatness, smoothness and geometric accuracy. Surface polishing generally requires only to obtain a bright surface. Grinding three elements? Iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and other metal material surface treatment, chamfering, deburring, polishing.
We often have customers tell us that the parts of their products are black, not bright, or beaten… After understanding: they used inappropriate grinding media or grinding machinery caused by, for example, a case of hardware customers, his products are zinc alloy die casting, he used brown corundum grinding stone to grind, the result of the more black; There is also a stainless steel circular gasket, the use of vibration grinding machine to batch front, in the grinding process, there are a lot of gaskets overlap together, the rate of defective high… These phenomena are closely related to their failure to deal with the three grinding elements, namely, the machine, the workpiece, and the grinding medium. Only when these three elements are usefully combined, can they get twice the result with half the effort.
The following is a simple analysis of the three elements:
In the surface treatment of machines, the commonly used machines are vibrating type finishing machine, roller type finishing machine, centrifugal grinding machine, vortex type finishing machine, among which vibrating type finishing machine and roller type finishing machine are most widely used.
The movable finishing machine is easy to operate and is used for processing small, medium and large quantities of various parts. Roller type polishing machine is an economical grinding and polishing machine. It is usually used for small size and thin parts, especially those with larger plane. It is more suitable for roller type polishing machine because it is easy to be overlapped by vibration type polishing machine. Centrifugal grinding machine is actually high-speed roller type polishing machine, it is generally driven by the large plate four (minicomputer also has two) centrifugal polishing barrel high-speed rotation, large friction force, good polishing effect, often used in vibration type polishing machine, roller type polishing machine is not easy to process small parts; Vortex machine is also a high-speed polishing machine, through the chassis rotation, the formation of a strong overcurrent friction movement, used for small parts to remove the front, deburring, polishing.
Two, the workpiece different material parts, parts of different specifications, different requirements of the parts, also requires different machines and grinding media. For example, die cast zinc alloy parts need to be peeled, should use resin abrasives; And the stamping out stainless steel parts need to go to the front, to deburr, then should use the cutting force of brown corundum grinding stone……
Three, grinding medium grinding medium including grinding stone, polishing stone, grinding agent, gloss agent and other grinding and polishing materials, each material has its own application range, such as plastic abrasive stone for soft materials, such as aluminum, zinc, copper, plastic; Ceramic abrasives are used for hard materials, such as iron, stainless steel, tin iron, steel, etc. Polishing material is iron parts, need to use iron luster agent, polishing material is copper parts, need to use copper luster agent, hand tool cutting agent for all kinds of wrenches, sockets, batch tip black film, skin removal, if used in other parts, may corrode, destroy the parts… In general, only fully understand the performance of grinding three elements, characteristics, in order to effectively match, achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Grinding method:
1. Fluid polishing
Fluid polishing depends on the high-speed flow of liquid and the abrasive particles carried to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing.
Common methods include abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, fluid power grinding, etc. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which makes the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles flow over and over the workpiece surface at high speed. The medium is mainly made of special compound (polymer material) with good flow performance under low pressure and mixed with abrasive. The abrasive can be made of silicon carbide powder.
2. Mechanical polishing
Mechanical cutting, polishing is to rely on material surface plastic deformation after removed by polishing the convex part of the smooth surface polishing method, commonly used article oil stone, wool wheel, abrasive paper, etc., with manual operation is given priority to, special components such as surface of solid of revolution, can use tools such as turntable, high surface quality can be used over lapping method. Super precision polishing is a special grinding tool, in the polishing liquid containing abrasive, pressed on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, for high-speed rotation motion. The surface roughness of Ra0.008 m can be obtained by using this technique, which is the highest among various polishing methods. This method is often used in optical lens molds.
3. Ultrasonic polishing
The workpiece is put into the abrasive suspension and placed together in the ultrasonic field. The macro force of ultrasonic machining is small, which will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but it is difficult to make and install the tooling. Ultrasonic machining can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration and stirring solution are applied to separate the dissolved products from the workpiece surface, and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface is uniform; Ultrasonic cavitation in liquid can also inhibit the corrosion process, conducive to surface gloss.
4. Electrolytic polishing
The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is the same as chemical polishing, that is, the surface is smooth by selective small projections on the surface of the dissolved material. Compared with chemical polishing, the cathode reaction can be eliminated and the effect is better. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps:
(1) the macroscopical leveling dissolved product diffuses into the electrolyte, the surface geometry roughness of the material decreases, Ra > 1 m.
(2) Low light level anodic polarization, surface brightness increased, Ra < 1 m.
5. Fluid polishing
Fluid polishing depends on the high-speed flow of liquid and the abrasive particles carried to wash the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing.
Common methods include abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, fluid power grinding, etc. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which makes the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles flow over and over the workpiece surface at high speed. The medium is mainly made of special compound (polymer material) with good flow performance under low pressure and mixed with abrasive. The abrasive can be made of silicon carbide powder.
6. Chemical polishing
Chemical polishing is to make the convex part of the surface of the material in the chemical medium more concave part of the preferred solution, so as to obtain a smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that it does not need complex equipment, and it can polish the workpiece with complex shape and many workpiece at the same time, with high efficiency. The core problem of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing fluid. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally 10 m.
7. Magnetic polishing
Magnetic grinding and polishing is the use of magnetic abrasive under the action of magnetic field to form abrasive brush, grinding the workpiece. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality, easy to control processing conditions and good working conditions. With suitable abrasive, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.1 m.
In the plastic mold processing said polishing and other industries required surface polishing is very different, strictly speaking, the mold polishing should be called mirror processing. It has high requirements not only on the polishing itself but also on the surface flatness, smoothness and geometric accuracy. Surface polishing generally requires only to obtain a bright surface.